1 Kings 18:13

Authorized King James Version

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Was it not told my lord what I did when Jezebel slew the prophets of the LORD, how I hid an hundred men of the LORD'S prophets by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water?

Original Language Analysis

הֲלֹֽא H3808
הֲלֹֽא
Strong's: H3808
Word #: 1 of 23
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
הֻגַּ֤ד Was it not told H5046
הֻגַּ֤ד Was it not told
Strong's: H5046
Word #: 2 of 23
properly, to front, i.e., stand boldly out opposite; by implication (causatively), to manifest; figuratively, to announce (always by word of mouth to
לַֽאדֹנִי֙ my lord H113
לַֽאדֹנִי֙ my lord
Strong's: H113
Word #: 3 of 23
sovereign, i.e., controller (human or divine)
אֵ֣ת H853
אֵ֣ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 4 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
אֲשֶׁר H834
אֲשֶׁר
Strong's: H834
Word #: 5 of 23
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
עָשִׂ֔יתִי what I did H6213
עָשִׂ֔יתִי what I did
Strong's: H6213
Word #: 6 of 23
to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
בַּֽהֲרֹ֣ג slew H2026
בַּֽהֲרֹ֣ג slew
Strong's: H2026
Word #: 7 of 23
to smite with deadly intent
אִיזֶ֔בֶל when Jezebel H348
אִיזֶ֔בֶל when Jezebel
Strong's: H348
Word #: 8 of 23
izebel, the wife of king ahab
אֵ֖ת H853
אֵ֖ת
Strong's: H853
Word #: 9 of 23
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
מִנְּבִיאֵ֨י prophets H5030
מִנְּבִיאֵ֨י prophets
Strong's: H5030
Word #: 10 of 23
a prophet or (generally) inspired man
יְהוָ֜ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֜ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 11 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
וָֽאַחְבִּא֩ how I hid H2244
וָֽאַחְבִּא֩ how I hid
Strong's: H2244
Word #: 12 of 23
to secrete
מִנְּבִיאֵ֨י prophets H5030
מִנְּבִיאֵ֨י prophets
Strong's: H5030
Word #: 13 of 23
a prophet or (generally) inspired man
יְהוָ֜ה of the LORD H3068
יְהוָ֜ה of the LORD
Strong's: H3068
Word #: 14 of 23
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
מֵ֣אָה an hundred H3967
מֵ֣אָה an hundred
Strong's: H3967
Word #: 15 of 23
a hundred; also as a multiplicative and a fraction
אִישׁ֙ men H376
אִישׁ֙ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 16 of 23
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים by fifty H2572
חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים by fifty
Strong's: H2572
Word #: 17 of 23
fifty
חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים by fifty H2572
חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים by fifty
Strong's: H2572
Word #: 18 of 23
fifty
אִישׁ֙ men H376
אִישׁ֙ men
Strong's: H376
Word #: 19 of 23
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה in a cave H4631
בַּמְּעָרָ֔ה in a cave
Strong's: H4631
Word #: 20 of 23
a cavern (as dark)
וָֽאֲכַלְכְּלֵ֖ם and fed H3557
וָֽאֲכַלְכְּלֵ֖ם and fed
Strong's: H3557
Word #: 21 of 23
properly, to keep in; hence, to measure; figuratively, to maintain (in various senses)
לֶ֥חֶם them with bread H3899
לֶ֥חֶם them with bread
Strong's: H3899
Word #: 22 of 23
food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)
וָמָֽיִם׃ and water H4325
וָמָֽיִם׃ and water
Strong's: H4325
Word #: 23 of 23
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen

Analysis & Commentary

Was it not told my lord what I did when Jezebel slew the prophets of the LORD, how I hid an hundred men of the LORD'S prophets by fifty in a cave, and fed them with bread and water?

This verse contributes to the broader narrative of elijah and the prophets of baal, within the book's focus on prophetic ministry of Elijah confronting Baalism. The prophetic office represents God's faithful witness even in apostasy, calling His people back to covenant faithfulness.

The Hebrew text reveals nuances important for understanding this passage's contribution to 1 Kings' theological message about kingship, covenant, and faithfulness to Yahweh. This verse demonstrates the consequences when God's people—especially their leaders—either follow or forsake the covenant established at Sinai.

Historical Context

First Kings was written during or after the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), reflecting on the monarchy period (10th-9th centuries BCE) to explain why the kingdoms fell. Elijah's ministry (c. 860-850 BCE) occurred during Ahab's reign, a time of intense spiritual crisis in Israel.

Ancient Near Eastern kingship ideology viewed kings as divine representatives responsible for maintaining cosmic order through right worship. Archaeological discoveries from sites like Megiddo, Hazor, and Samaria confirm the historical reliability of 1 Kings' descriptions of building projects and administrative structures.

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